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Illinios Fair Map Initiative - Take Action!
Illinois Cartographers - take action!
 
Cartographers and GIS Practicioners understand the results of districting drawn by politicians.  District boundaries look like the worst possible ink-blot tests!
 
If it were only an issue of making cartographers lives miserable, I suppose it would be bearable.  However the craziness of the boundaries are designed specifically to preserve incumbant power bases and minimize meaningful competition.  
 
So often I read about these types of issues and feel powerless to affect them.  This time its different
 
The Illinois Fair Map Amendment campaign promotes the establishment of an independant commission and common sense guidlelines to establish the new district boundaries in 2011.  The census this year is the primary input to this process, not the voting records of its residents. 
 
They need your help.  Download and sign the petition and send it in.  Better yet, get the signatures of your friends, co-workers, and family as well.  The amendment needs 500,000 signatures by April 1, 2010 to make it onto the November ballot.   Many more details are available at http://www.ilfairmap.com/
 
Lets not be the "fool" this April First!
A Maturity Model for Enterprise GIS
The Emergence of Enterprise GIS

The term “Enterprise GIS” is widely used and often misunderstood.  It has been used to refer to an enterprise software license, to a centralized repository, a common mapping website, and other tangible items.  While these examples can be components of an Enterprise GIS, they do not alone define a comprehensive GIS approach that aligns with the priorities of the greater enterprise. 

An Enterprise GIS provides a comprehensive suite of capabilities, integrated into organizational workflows, that supports and helps attain enterprise priorities.

Notice that this definition does not refer to platforms and technologies.  An Enterprise GIS does not necessarily need to be an Expensive GIS.  While a large organization with extensive systems may need a significant investment in GIS technology, a smaller organization may achieve an aligned approach through careful targeting of resources to key priorities.

The core characteristics of an Enterprise GIS include:

  • Quality Data Architecture & Management
  • Accessibility at all user levels
  • Workflow and System Integration
  • Demonstrated Return On Investment
  • Sustainability
The proposed maturity model will evaluate these characteristics in detail at each level.

 

Why a GIS Maturity Model?

Changes in both geographic technology and enterprise software are driving fundamental changes in the once isolated GIS world.

While an organization may recognize a strategic value in the use of GIS, it will not settle for inaccessible data and tedious workflows.  GIS divisions are evolving from a small group of GIS practitioners to a much more visible, and technical development organization. 

The GIS Maturity Model proposes definitions and characteristics of the various stages travelled on the way to a true Enterprise GIS operation.  It both supports benchmarking of current organizations and the development of roadmaps to progress to the next level.


GIS Maturity Levels in Brief

Each level below describes typical stages in the development of an Enterprise GIS.  Many organizations may have a foothold in more than one level as they evolve.  This evolution is often necessary to build the understanding and support needed to sustain the highest level.

 

Level 1 – Enthusiasts

This is typically the introduction level of GIS to an organization.  Individuals with interest obtain tools and use the technology on an ad-hoc basis to support their own deliverables.  GIS technology tends to be individually licensed at the desktop level.  Data is acquired for one-time use and discarded. 

Level 2 – Department Based

During Level 2, specific departments, usually the home of enthusiasts, recognize the value of building GIS capability for department use.  The Department may support local equipment and supplies and designate resources to provide GIS services to department users.  Copies of GIS data are stored in the department for its use.  Multiple departments maintain separate copies of base data.  Informal user groups start to meet and share best practices. 

Level 3 – Centralized

Centralized GIS organizations are established at Level 3.  The value of centralizing redundant data maintenance and equipment is often the catalyst for this change.  The Central GIS begins to set standards that improve data quality and internal GIS workflows.  Formal request mechanisms are established.

Server based licensing and more complex database software becomes necessary.  GIS applications are developed to provide a central GIS website and self-service tools.

Level 4 – Integrated

At Level 4, the GIS organization looks beyond its internal workflows to how it can enhance operations.

Integration between enterprise applications and GIS functions gains greater visibility and demands more advanced data models and technology.

The GIS organization starts to develop a strategic plan for the technical development and sustainability of its operations.  GIS Steering Committees are established to obtain input and direction from operational leaders.

Level 5 – Enterprise

At level 5, the GIS Strategic Plan is aligned with the overall Enterprise Strategic Plan.  GIS is recognized as a tool to both improve efficiency and decision making.  GIS integration becomes more seamless with enterprise and mission-critical systems.  GIS data attributes become more embedded in traditional databases.  GIS capability becomes on-demand, wherever demanded, as the focus on mobile applications and personalized tools increases.  The GIS organization itself has become more technical and project oriented. 

 

The Model in Detail...

Download or open the full article here.

Defining the Enterprise GIS
GIS is moving out of the back office and becoming recognized as a core technology.  This is both a blessing and a major challenge to supporting GIS organizations.  GIS must evolve from a niche organization to an integrated unit focused on enterprise priorities. 
 
Attached here is a presentation I made in February to the Wisconsin GIS community at the annual WLIA conference.  Watch for a followup article that further defines the GIS Maturity Model.
Selling GIS Value to the Enterprise

Passion is not enough.  GIS practitioners have an almost spiritual conviction in the power of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to improve analysis, decision making, and overall operations.  They are right – but the challenge is how to sell that message to enterprise executives.

How Not to Sell It

Let’s start with identifying methods that are proven to fail.  In general, it will not help your case to impress them with your in-depth scientific knowledge of geographic technologies.  Unless your organization is in the GIS marketplace, that approach will hold no relevance to your target.  Here are a few other tactics that will not work with the corner office:

Ø       “It is incredibly cool technology.”

Ø       “All of our peer organizations have it.”

Ø       “The value is intangible, we can’t put a $$ figure on it.”

Ø       “We need to migrate away from non-versioned DBMS editing to build an SOA architecture that also supports GeoRSS.”

Ø        “Here’s an aerial photo of your house!”

Most of these methods didn’t work with mom either.  Why not?  All of these tactics are describing the value GIS has for you, not for them.  An enterprise GIS operation can be a very expensive undertaking in both time and money.  What’s in it for them? 

Do Your Homework

What are the overall goals of the enterprise?  What targets are measured?  How will your GIS Proposal impact the bottom line?  Invest time in understanding executive level goals.  Once you can translate how GIS will align, support and help deliver these goals, you will have their attention.  Here are the primary steps:

1.      Understand Enterprise Priorities

2.      Align GIS Investment to Achieving Specific Priorities

3.      Define a tangible Return on Investment

4.      Line up CIO support

5.      Deliver

Enterprise Alignment

Enterprise Goals are rarely a secret.  Read the strategic plan.  How are parts of the organization measured?  What is the core line of business?  What are the competitive pressures?  What are the political pressures?  What risks threaten the organization?

Anywhere GIS can be leveraged to improve workflows, there should be tangible benefits. 

Sample Enterprise Priorities

GIS Potential

Increase speed while reducing costs of service delivery.

More efficient job routing, reduced crew trips, resource allocation to geographic clusters.

Reduce unbudgeted labor costs of overtime and outsourcing.

Workflow improvement through visual maps, data integration, automated address matching.

Protect and promote public health & safety.

Disease tracking and prevention, crime analysis & prevention, emergency situational awareness.

Decision Making

Correlation of services to demographics, trend analysis, service effectiveness, new location site analysis.

Measuring Return on Investment

Measure everything – even the “intangibles”.  Everyone can quantify the cost of software, equipment, leases, vehicles and consultants.  Intangibles are harder to quantify because they are seen as subjective.  However, these intangibles are often the most powerful and measurable impact. 

The Intangible…

Making it Tangible…

Productivity

Staff Hours saved per month times x% of related staff salary.

Reduce payouts of fees related to missed turnaround time targets.  (“Delivery in 20 minutes or its free!”)

Decreased Risk

Reduction in cost of risk insurance strategies.

Quantify x% of cost incurred if risk occurred without this mitigation.

Increased Safety

Reduction in x% of damage / liability suits.  (Eg: cracked sidewalks)

Reduction in x% in annual medical fees

Reduction or lack of increase in insurance fees.

Reduction in cost of criminal justice system per arrest.

Lives Saved

This is a tough one – who can put a value on a life?  But avoiding this metric places the value at zero.  Pick some number, even if clearly low, to make your point.

Better Quality

% Reduction in returned mail.

Hours saved in verifying / correcting quality issues.

Hours saved in replacements and warranties.

Good Will

Estimate %impact on customer retainment

Estimate %impact on achieving high bond rating, or high comparative rating.

Impact on re-election?  (You may want to avoid that one…)

In these areas, your case may be best made by underestimating the impact to a level that all stakeholders will recognize as low estimates.  If you can demonstrate a real return on investment while clearly underestimating the benefits side, your case has been made.

Make sure this is not an exercise you do just once.  Budgets come around every year, and executives change.  Sell and sell often!

Make Friends with the IT Department

If your GIS program is not already part of the Information Technology (IT) department, get to know the CIO as soon as possible!  GIS is a technology.  As its potential has grown exponentially, so has its complexity.  Any successful Enterprise GIS will require support from Information Technology. 

This group is also most able to learn and understand the value of GIS applications and data integration.  Many GIS groups have grown out of environmental or planning departments.  Expansion of capability will require some alliance with the IT Department. 

Success here provides an ally for presenting your case to the enterprise. 

Deliver

The credibility of your case is made when it is delivered. 

Select small demonstration projects that can provide a visible, tangible impact without major technology risk.  Target these demonstration projects towards influential stakeholders that you need in your camp.  Import resources as needed to make sure these early projects go well. 

Especially with GIS, the simple projects are often better understood and valued than the complex, behind the scenes architecture.  Use the small successes to build leverage for the larger projects.

 

Need some help getting started? 

Use our GIS/ROI worksheet as a guide and reach out to your colleagues. 

FDGC's Fifty State Initiative also provides strategic plan and business plan templates for GIS.  GITA (Geospatial Information & Technology Association) has published an ROI workbook available to member organizations.  Be prepared though, GITA's workbook is pricey, so you may need an ROI argument to purchase it!